Samba as a Primary Domain controller

samba pdc:-



workgroup = GEOMAT (your workgroup name)
security = user
password encrypted = true

domain logons = yes
domain master = yes
local master = yes
preferred master = yes
os level = 64

"os level = 64" line is explained in "man smb.conf". It will effect whether the server wins browsing elections. You can probably leave it as the default.


enable logon path=\\%N\%U\profile

is storing the profile in the user's home directory ,this is Samba's default


logon drive = H;
add machine script = = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u

every time a machine , joins a domain the server needs to recognize that computers host name

[homes]
comment = Home Directories
browseable = no
writeable = yes

to enable the default home directory shares. This will share each user's home directory as \\server\username



[netlogon]

comment = Network logon services
path = /home/samba/netlogon
guest ok = yes
read only = yes
share modes = no


create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)


[profiles]

comment = users profile
path = /home/samba/profiles
guest ok = no
create mask = 0600
directory mask = 0700

=========================================================================================



# groupadd -g 201 machines
# mkdir -m 0775 /home/netlogon

mkdir /home/samba /home/samba/profiles
chmod 1757 /home/samba/profiles

smbpasswd -a root
add the samba users


Windows side:-

WinXP pro required
Samba Primary Domain Controller is ready to accept client requests.
Joining a Windows machine to Samba PDC.

1.Right Click on Mycomputer.
2.Go to Properties select the Computer Name tab.
3.Click Change.
4.Click Domain radio button, enter the Domain name like GEOMAT, then click ok.
5.At the prompt, enter the user name root and root smbpassword and then click OK.
6.Click OK twice to return to the System Properties dialog box.
7.Click OK, and then click Yes to restart the computer.


Windows xp is ready to login with samba user and make sure you should use smbpassword while user login.


NB:- Tested in Ubuntu !0.04

Is the server running locally and accepting connections on Unix domain socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"?

Hi, I know this is an old thread, but I wanted to chime in since I am having problems with this as well.

I too am trying to run dbt5 against Postgres. Specifically I am trying to run it against Postgres 9.1beta3. After jumping through many hoops I ultimately was able to build dbt5 on my
debian environment, but when I attempt to run the benchmark with:

dbt5-run-workload -a pgsql -c 5000 -t 5000 -d 60 -u 1 -i ~/dbt5-0.1.0/egen -f 500 -w 300 -n dbt5 -p 5432 -o /tmp/results

it runs to completion but all of the dbt5 log files contain errors like:

terminate called after throwing an instance of 'pqxx::broken_connection' what(): could not connect to server: No such file or directory Is the server running locally and accepting
connections on Unix domain socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432"?


I'm lead to believe that this is an error I would receive if the Postgres db were not running, but it is. In fact, the way dbt5-run-workload works it starts the database automatically. I have also confirmed it is running by manually connecting while this benchmark is in progress (and after it has already started the database and logged the above error). Any thoughts on why I might be getting this error?


SOLN:-


View this message in context: http://postgresql.1045698.n5.nabble.com/DBT-5-Postgres-9-0-3-tp4297670p4708692.html Sent from the PostgreSQL - performance mailing list archive at Nabble.com.

..

Its trying to connect to unix socket "/var/run/postgresql/.s.PGSQL.5432",
but your postgresql.conf file probably has:
unix_socket_directory = '/tmp'


Change it to:
unix_socket_directory = '/var/run/postgresql'

and restart PG.


-Andy

ConvertALL

very flexible unit converter

With ConvertAll, you can convert any unit in the large database to any other compatible unit. If you want to convert from inches per decade, that's fine. Or from meter-pounds. Or from cubic nautical miles. The units don't have to make sense to anyone else.

play .vob files in ubuntu?

Video Player that can play .vob files?


install smplayer

download it from here:-

http://sourceforge.net/projects/smplayer/files/SMPlayer/0.6.9/smplayer-0.6.9.tar.bz2

& follow the instructions of install.txt file , which you will get after extracting the package



NB:- Tested in ubuntu 10.04

details of a raid device

LSOF usage

List all open files in system: lsof
List all network connections: lsof -i
List all TCP connections: lsof -iTCP
List connections on specific port number: lsof -i : 139
List all files opened by user fred: lsof -u fred
List connections on specific host:lsof -i@192.168.0.3
List connection on specifics host and port:

PARITY & RAID

What do you mean by Parity ?

a different way of protecting data is provided as an alternate to mirroring. It involves the use of parity information, which is redundancy information calculated from the actual data values.

The principle behind parity is simple: take "N" pieces of data, and from them, compute an extra piece of data. Take the "N+1" pieces of data and store them on "N+1" drives. If you lose any one of the "N+1" pieces of data, you can recreate it from the "N" that remain, regardless of which piece is lost. Parity protection is used with striping, and the "N" pieces of data are typically the blocks or bytes distributed across the drives in the array. The parity information can either be stored on a separate, dedicated drive, or be mixed with the data across all the drives in the array.


The parity calculation is typically performed using a logical operation called "exclusive OR" or "XOR".


Let's take an example to show how this works; you can do this yourself easily on a sheet of paper. Suppose we have the following four bytes of data: D1=10100101, D2=11110000, D3=00111100, and D4=10111001. We can "XOR" them together as follows, one step at a time:

D1 XOR D2 XOR D3 XOR D4
= ( (D1 XOR D2) XOR D3) XOR D4
= ( (10100101 XOR 11110000) XOR 00111100) XOR 10111001
= (01010101.XOR 00111100) XOR 10111001
= 01101001 XOR 10111001
= 11010000

So "11010000" becomes the parity byte, DP. Now let's say we store these five values on five hard disks, and hard disk #3, containing value "00111100", goes el-muncho. We can retrieve the missing byte simply by XOR'ing together the other three original data pieces, and the parity byte we calculated earlier, as so:

D1 XOR D2 XOR D4 XOR DP
= ( (D1 XOR D2) XOR D4) XOR DP
= ( (10100101 XOR 11110000) XOR 10111001) XOR 11010000
= (01010101 XOR 10111001) XOR 11010000
= 11101100 XOR 11010000
= 00111100

Which is D3, the missing value. Pretty neat, huh? :^) This operation can be done on any number of bits, incidentally; I just used eight bits for simplicity. It's also a very simple binary calculation--which is a good thing, because it has to be done for every bit stored in a parity-enabled RAID array.

Advantages

The most obvious advantage is that parity protects data against any single drive in the array failing without requiring the 50% "waste" of mirroring; only one of the "N+1" drives contains redundancy information. (The overhead of parity is equal to (100/N)% where N is the total number of drives in the array.) Striping with parity also allows you to take advantage of the performance advantages of striping.


Disadvantages:-


The chief disadvantages of striping with parity relate to complexity: all those parity bytes have to be computed--millions of them per second!--and that takes computing power. This means a hardware controller that performs these calculations is required for high performance--if you do software RAID with striping and parity the system CPU will be dragged down doing all these computations. Also, while you can recover from a lost drive under parity, the missing data all has to be rebuilt, which has its own complications; recovering from a lost mirrored drive is comparatively simple.



see:- http://aarklonlinuxinfo.blogspot.com/2011/08/raid-example.html

Linux partition security recommendations

Recovering grub 2

Hard way: Manual fix from live CD

You will need a live CD that ships with GRUB 2, like Ubuntu or Kubuntu. Boot into the live session, mount the hard disk and install GRUB 2 to the MBR.

This is the sequence of commands you require (assuming disk = /dev/sda). You will need to mount the partition of your installed distribution (e.g. Ubuntu) containing the /boot directory. It may also be a separate partition on your system, depending on your setup.

After it is mounted, you will have to rerun the install-grub command.

mount /dev/sdax /mnt/

create an un breakable link from /dev folder on the live image you booted from to the /dev folder on the partition you mounted to /mnt

sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev



chroot from the live images root to mounted partitions root

sudo chroot /mnt


Re install the grub2 boot loader to the drive on which exists the partition you mounted previously

sudo grub-install /dev/sda


Exit out of chroot shell (type exit)

cleanly unmount all the partitions you previously mounted

sudo umount
sudo umount /mnt/dev
sudo umount /mnt

Nautilus share vs samba share

Nautilus share Vs samba share:-
-------------------------------

nautilus share:-

* usually known as user shares
* doesn't write anything in smb.conf
* config files in /var/lib/samba
* can be created by normal users without requiring root powers

Samba share:-

* Shares created in smb.conf are traditional shares and are created by the root/sudo user.

* traditional shares as they offer more control and are less prone to permission errors.You can use the samba control panel (system-config-samba) to administer them from one place.

Visual basic for linux

see:- http://kbasic.com

/usr/lib/libgconf2-4/gconf-sanity-check-2 exited with status 256

There is problem with the configuration server.
(/usr/lib/libgconf2-4/gconf-sanity-check-2 exited with status 256)

soln:-
sudo chown-Rc your_username_here /home/your_username_here


source:-
http://forumubuntusoftware.info/viewtopic.php?f=46&t=2550

Bleachbit

See:- http://bleachbit.sourceforge.net/

BleachBit Features:-

* Free disk space
* Reduce the size of backups and the time to create them by removing unnecessary files
* Maintain privacy
* Improve system performance (by vacuuming the Firefox database, for example)
* Clear the memory and swap on Linux
* Delete broken shortcuts on Linux
* Clean APT for Debian, Ubuntu, Kubuntu, Xubuntu, and Linux Mint
* Find widely-scatted junk such as Thumbs.db and .DS_Store files.
* Execute yum clean for CentOS, Fedora, and Red Hat to remove cached package data
* Delete Windows registry keys—often where MRU (most recently used) lists are stored
* Delete the OpenOffice.org recent documents list without deleting the whole Common.xcu file
* Overwrite free disk space to hide previously files

* Surgically remove private information from .ini and JSON configuration files with deleting the whole file

* Vacuum Firefox, Google Chrome, Liferea, Thunderbird, and Yum databases: shrink files without removing data to save space and improve speed


* Prepare whole disk images for compression (common for "ghost" backups and virtual machines) by wiping free disk space


* Delete the Firefox version 3 URL history without deleting the whole file—with optional shredding

* Delete Linux localizations: delete languages you don't use. More powerful than localepurge and available on more Linux distributions.

How to make hidden shares via samba ?

How to make hidden shares via samba ?


soln:-

set the browseable directive as no in the share definition

i.e set browseable = no



In windows append the $ character on a windows share name to make it hidden


How to access hidden share(s) ?

In order to access hidden shares from linux machine , type the unc name from the nautilus window or any utility used for accessing samba share.

ex:- type ALT-F2 in order to get run command window , then type smb://ip_addr/hidden-share-name


from windows:-

net use * \\hidden-share-location /user: username



NB:- tested in ubuntu 10.04

instant messaging on LAN

install iptux package

Features:-

* Auto-detect other iptux users.
* Create shared resources (send files).
* Password protect resources.
* Change your online information.

Ubuntu linux SMS CHANNEL

To join the free Ubuntu-Linux SMS tips channel,
send SMS
ON UBUNTU-LINUX
to 9870807070.
Send this SMS to those who have not joined!

gPDFTEXT

how to use netstat command to identify problems with network interface ?

if you are seeing no:s other than zero in the columns RX-ERR , RX-DRP , RX-OVR , TX-ERR , TX-DRP , TX-OVR there will be issues with nw interface such as

i) buffers aren’t big enough
ii) flaw in cable
iii) processor is pre-occupied

watch command example

suppose we have given the following command


dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/celsius/swapfile count=1G


we can use watch command to see the swapfile grow as follows

watch ls -ltrh swapfile


see also:-

http://aarklonlinuxinfo.blogspot.com/2009/09/watch-live-interrupts.html

gui for creating iso image

sudo apt-get install acetoneiso

brasero CD/DVD writing problem

SOLN:-


make an ISO image of the folder then write the ISO image


see:-

http://aarklonlinuxinfo.blogspot.com/2008/06/command-line-cd-writing-in-ubuntu.html

group management

How will you identify to which a particular user belongs to ?

groups user_name

Ex:-
celsius@gmladmin:~$ groups celsius
celsius : celsius adm dialout cdrom plugdev fuse lpadmin netdev admin sambashare


How to make a particular user admin of a group ?

gpasswd -A username group_name

How to make a user member of a particular group ?
gpasswd -a username groupname

How to remove a user from a particular group ?

gpasswd -d username groupname

How to convert multimedia files to mkv format ?

see:- http://www.bunkus.org/videotools/mkvtoolnix/doc/mkvmerge-gui.html

how to convert mdf files to iso in linux

install the package mdf2iso

MDF to ISO: Open a terminal, go to the folder that the CUE/BIN file is located and type:

mdf2iso filename.mdf filename.iso

How to reduce image size using gimp ?

soln:-

to do that with the GIMP you don't need to scale it - just SAVE AS (and JPEG) under the file menu. Whether you change the file name or not, a sub-requester opens up with a QUALITY meter on top, as well as a section of ADVANCED OPTIONS. Simply by lowering the quality from 100% the file size will be greatly reduced.

Just tried this, and a 925k photo was reduced in size to 132.5k by reducing the Quality setting to 50%. Side by side in the GIMP I cannot tell the two images apart at normal viewing.

Convert your videos to mobile formats

MOBILE MEDIA CONVERTER









URL:- http://www.miksoft.net/mobileMediaConverterDown.htm



install:-



platform 32 bit:- sudo dpkg -i mmc*.deb



platform 64 bit:- sudo dpkg --force-architecture -i mmc*.sdeb



NB:- You can also download youtube videos with this software



see:- http://aarklonlinuxinfo.blogspot.com/2009/10/i-am-not-being-able-to-play-amr-files.html

Vertical Tiling of nautilus windows

It is possible to tile nautilus window vertically just by pressing F3 key.

RAID example

RAID (Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks)



Create 3 partitions for implementing RAID using fdisk command.



e.g. #fdisk /dev/hda



Press n to create the 3 new partitions each of 100Mb in size.



Press p to see the partition table.



Press t to change the partition id of all the three partitions created by you to fd (linux raid auto).



Press wq to save and exit from fdisk utility in linux.



#partprobe



Use fdisk -l to list the partition table.



Creating RAID



# mdadm --create /dev/md0 --level=5 --raid-devices=3 /dev/hda6 /dev/hda7 /dev/hda8



Press y to create the arrays.



To see the details of raid use the following command: -



# cat /proc/mdstat



# mdadm --detail /dev/md0



Creating the file system for your RAID devices



#mkfs.ext3 /dev/md0



Mounting the RAID partition



#mkdir data



# mount /dev/md0 data



#df -h /root/data (Command is used to see the space allocation).



Crashing the raid devices



# mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --fail /dev/hda8



Removing raid devices



# mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --remove /dev/hda8





Adding raid devices



# mdadm --manage /dev/md0 --add /dev/hda8



View failed and working raid devices



# cat /proc/mdstat



# mdadm --detail /dev/md0



# tail /var/log/messages



To remove the RAID follow these steps: -



1) unmount the mounted directory where raid is mounted.

e.g. umount data

2) Stop the device

e.g. mdadm --stop /dev/md0

3) View the details of your raid level using following command: -

#cat /proc/mdstat

#mdadm --detail /dev/md0





see:- also http://aarklonlinuxinfo.blogspot.com/2010/03/lvm-raid.html

How to view I.E only websites in linux ?

IE only websites :-





soln:-



1) Use firefox with user agent switcher plugin

























see:- http://chrispederick.com/work/user-agent-switcher/





2) use crossover office to install I.E in linux





see:- http://www.codeweavers.com/

Install adobe photoshop CS5 on linux:-

1) install ubuntu-restricted-extras package

( This is for installing Microsoft Fonts)

2) download corkscrew photoshop CS5 package

3)

CorkScrews are prepackaged wine prefixes inspired by the "Wine bottle" of Crossover (cxgames.). This package was built using ArchLinux and also tested on Ubuntu 10.04, it should work properly on any Linux distribution with wine installed.

To install the game run InstallerPhotoshopCS5.sh. This will extract the archive to ~/.wine/wineprefixes/PhotoshopCS5.

To launch the programs you can either use the desktop icon or execute the script located in ~/bin, either by double clicking on it, or from a terminal enter: ~/bin/PhotoshopCS5Launcher.sh

To uninstall delete the PhotoshopCS5 folder in ~/.wine/wineprefixes.


4) Create a custom application launcher with photoshop icon and with a executable shell script as its command

5) contents of the shell script are as follows:-

#!/bin/bash
/home/celsius/.wine/wineprefixes/PhotoshopCS5/drive_c/Program*/Adobe/Adobe*Photo*CS5/Photoshop.exe


6)

EmoSaga at 2011-04-26 07:36 CET:

I was having the same issues with CoolType (which is a dll) but I some how got around it. I ran Photoshop from the direct exe rather than the .sh files. Can be found at: HOME/.wine/winprefixes/Photoshop CS5/drive_c/Program Files/Adobe/Adobe Photoshop CS5/Photoshop.exe

Definitely UGLY! But it works! I even got plug-ins to work.

Use your mobile phone to connect to internet

step 1:- sudo apt-get install wvdial

step 2:- find vendor ID & product ID using lsusb command

step 3:- switch to root user and give the command

#/sbin/modprobe usbserial vendor=0x(vendor_id) product=0x(product_id)

step 4:- switch to root user and give the command
#wvdialconf create

step 5:- switch to root user and configure wvdial by adding the following parameters

#vi /etc/wvdial.conf

[Dialer Defaults]
Init1 = ATZ
Init2 = ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
Init3 = AT+CGDCONT=1,"IP","internet"
Modem Type = USB Modem
Baud = 460800
New PPPD = yes
Modem = /dev/ttyACM0
ISDN = 0
Phone = *99#
Password = 1
Username = 9947401042
Stupid Mode = 1


These settings are for my service provider (Idea).you can try similar settings for your service provider

step 5:- switch to root user and add the following to /etc/resolv.conf

#vi /etc/resolv.conf

nameserver 202.56.230.5
nameserver 202.56.240.5

step 6:- After you have finished configuring the above,switch to root user & just run:

#wvdial

This will connect you to the internet , provided you have an active GPRS connection on your mobile


NB:-

Tested in ubuntu 10.04 , with nokia 5800, with GPRS enabled Idea connection


GPRS APN for Idea is "internet" and for Airtel,it is "airtelgprs.com".You can always check it up with your provider.The password for Idea is 1.Clarification:You have to replace *GPRS APN* with internet for Idea and airtelgprs.com for Airtel.

You can also run wvdialconf to make sure your Modem,Baud,Init1 and Init2 settings are best suited to your phone.Just run this command in your terminal
sudo wvdialconf /etc/wvdial.conf


see:- http://www.techenclave.com/mobile-phones/help-setting-up-gprs-connection-ubuntu-168558.html

open-terminal here

see:- http://gnome-look.org/content/show.php/open-terminal-here?content=136490

CPU Frequency Scaling Monitor Applet

right click the panel (GNOME) , to add cpu frequency scaling monitor applet. right click the applet and choose preferences, choose which processor or core (listed as cpu0 & cpu1 on a dual core system ) you wish the applet to monitor.

for multi core / multi - processor systems , you should add one appletr per core to the panel, and choose relevant cpu in each applets preferences.


you can change the processor/core speed by clicking the applet. you can choose performance when doing heavy tasks , like watching videos or copying heavy files. however this could consume more power , and heat up the processor (reducing battery life, and the overall life of your system.)

A good choice is Ondemand, which lets linux auto-boost your CPU speed when it needs more processing power , and drop back to minimum speed afterwards - a good balance between performance and power saving , extending the battery life and cooling.


NB:-

see:- http://www.howtoforge.com/cpu_frequency_scaling_ubuntu
http://library.gnome.org/users/cpufreq-applet/2.32/cpufreq-applet.html

Bitdefender antivirus for unices

see:- http://www.bitdefender.com/world/business/antivirus-for-unices.html

nm-tool

The nm-tool utility provides information about

* staus of local network devices

* driver , hardware address , wireless capabilities

installing GeForce2 MX/MX 400 ubuntu 10.04

See:- http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1646166


see also :-

http://www.nvidia.com/object/unix.html
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/X/Config/Resolution
http://uk.download.nvidia.com/XFree86/Linux-x86/100.14.11/HTML/index.html

How to find / check CRC sum of a file ?

fstab entry for nfs share mounts

192.168.0.3:/mnt/vol1 /media/vol1 nfs _netdev,nfsvers=3,udp,bg,intr,rsize=8192,wsize=8192 0 0

How do I combine images with gimp (Linux) ?

How do I combine images with gimp (Linux) ?

With Linux, I use the program Gimp to edit my photos. I was able to post one image on top of another, but how would I make these two images into one?

soln:-

Open picture one, and click "Image->Duplicate" to get a third Image. Now open picture two, and copy & paste it into the new picture, picture tree. Activate the move tool (the button with the crossing arrows). You can move the pasted next to the duplicate of picture one, but it gets invisible. Now choose "Image->Fit canvas to layers", to make the canvas big enough for both images. To make the pasted image visible, click "Layer->New Layer". Now click "Image->Flatten image", and they are combined

How to enable remote desktop usage so that many users can use the desktop on a particular machine , without troubling each other ?

How to enable remote desktop usage so that many users can use the desktop on a particular machine , without troubling each other ?

soln:-

i) Xnest:2
export DISPLAY=:2

ii) ssh -CX into the remote linux machine and run gnome-session&




NB:- you have to enable X11Forwarding, also for each xnest window opened you how to export the DISPLAY accordingly , to get this working;Tested on ubuntu 10.04 machines

How to reset your forgotten password in LInux ...???

1) boot off your linux live CD/ Flash drive

2) ascertain which partition linux is installed on your hard disk
[use fdisk -l command]

3) mount the partition on the hard drive that contains the linux system files
[
sudo mount partition_being_mounted Local_mount_point
ex:- sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt

]

4) vi /mnt/etc/passwd and remove the x from a particular user and save /etc/passwd file

ex:- if a user renoy has the entry as follows in /etc/passwd
renoy:x:1002:1002:renoy,,,:/home/renoy:/bin/bash

change it to as follows
renoy::1002:1002:renoy,,,:/home/renoy:/bin/bash


5) reboot and login to your newly unlocked linux installation and set new password

6) Re-shadow your new password for safe keeping

sudo shadowconfig off
sudo shadowconfig on

7) verify that you are able to login with the new password


NB:- tested on ubuntu 10.04

How to change the background image of grub2 ?

1) sudo apt-get install grub2-splashimages
the background images will be stored in /usr/share/images/grub directory

2) gksudo gedit /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme
find the entry named WALLPAPER and change accordingly as follows:-

WALLPAPER="/usr/share/images/grub/ubuntu.png"
COLOR_NORMAL="white/black"
COLOR_HIGHLIGHT="red/white"

3) give the command:- sudo update-grub & reboot the machine

NB:- tested on ubuntu 10.04

How to make XP as the default O.S with grub2 ?

Soln:-

1) give the following command :- grep -i XP /boot/grub/grub.cfg

you will get the o/p in the following lines

menuentry "Windows XP Professional x64 Edition (on /dev/sda2)"

2) now give the command sudo gedit "Windows XP Professional x64 Edition (on /dev/sda2)" and change the line
GRUB_DEFAULT= 0 to
GRUB_DEFAULT="Windows XP Professional x64 Edition (on /dev/sda2)"

3) give the command :- sudo update-grub & reboot

mobaxterm

see:- http://mobaxterm.mobatek.net

sample /etc/motd

WARNING:- YOU MUST HAVE PRIOR AUTHORIZATION TO ACCESS THIS SYSTEM. ALL
CONNECTIONS ARE LOGGED AND MONITORED. BY CONNECTING TO THIS SYSTEM YOU FULLY
CONSENT TO ALL MONITORING. UN-AUTHORIZED ACCESS OR USE WILL BE PROSECUTED TO
THE FULL EXTENT OF LAW. YOU HAVE BEEN WARNED

Increase download speed with Aria2 utility

Traditional file downloads are done via an FTP client, a Web browser, or a file-sharing program such as BitTorrent. These means of downloading files will probably never change, but the tools to do the downloading, and how they download, will.

One program that changes how files are downloaded is Aria2. Aria2 is a lightweight multiprotocol and multisource download utility that offers some very compelling reasons for its use over traditional “single thread” downloading such as with an FTP or HTTP client.

Being a multiprotocol client, Aria2 can download via HTTP, via FTP, and via BitTorrent. What makes Aria2 unique is that it can download the same file at the same time utilizing different protocols. It can also open multiple connections to the same, or different, URLs to download the file even faster. By default, Aria2 uses five connections to download a file.

To download a file, use: $ aria2c http://somehost.com/file.zip

If the same file is available from two different places, you can maximize your bandwidth and download it from both, even using different protocols:

$aria2c http://somehost.com/file.zip ftp://otherhost.com/pub/file.zip

To compare speeds, I used curl to download a bzip2 compressed ISO image that weighs in at 200MB:

$ time curl -OL ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org:21//pub/linux/distributions/annvix/releases/ISO/annvix-netinstall-x86_64-3.0-RELEASEr2.iso.tar.bz2



What if you are at work when the new release of your favourite Linux distribution becomes available? Instead of using BitTorrent at work which may go against company usage policies, if you are able to SSH to your home system, you can launch Aria2 under screen and begin the download from there. If you want to download a number of files at once, you can have Aria2 download them sequentially or in parallel; to download files in parallel use:

$ aria2c -Z http://somehost.com/file.zip linuxdistro.torrent

Aria2 allows you to specify the maximum upload rate when downloading torrents. This can be done with the “-u” option, such as “-u40K” would only allow an upload speed of 40KB/s. In fact, Aria2 is a full-featured BitTorrent client with a lot of features such as support for seeding files, downloading files with encryption, and DHT (Distributed Hash Table) support. While some might balk at the use of a command-line client to download files, perhaps cringing at the remembrance of old-school FTP clients, Aria2 is easy to use and easy to script.

Enable remote logging in Debian/Centos systems

Situation :- we want to log the authentication logs of a CENTOS machine to a remote debian/ubuntu system


1) on the debian/ubuntu system configure syslogd to listen to internet socket udp:514

i) edit the file /etc/default/syslogd so that it contains the line SYSLOGD="-r"



ex:-

celsius@gmladmin:~$ cat /etc/default/syslogd

# Top configuration file for syslogd
# Full documentation of possible arguments are found in the manpage syslogd(8).
# For remote UDP logging use SYSLOGD="-r"

SYSLOGD="-r"

celsius@gmladmin:~$


ii) restart syklogd daemon:- sudo /etc/init.d/sysklogd restart


iii) give the command netstat -nulp on the terminal

your o/p should contain something similar to the following:-
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:514 0.0.0.0:*

since, celsius@gmladmin:~$ cat /etc/services | grep -i 514 gives
syslog 514/udp




2) CENTOS SIDE:-

i) edit the /etc/syslog.conf file to have something similar to the following entry

auth,authpriv.* @192.168.0.17

ii) restart syslog service (i.e service syslog restart)

iii) edit the file /etc/sysconfig/syslog file to have the following entry
SYSLOGD_OPTIONS = "-m 0 -r"


iv) restart syslog service (i.e service syslog restart)

v) give the command netstat -nulp on the terminal

your o/p should contain something similar to the following:-
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:514 0.0.0.0:*



3) now if the centos machine is called "alpha" and debian/ubuntu system is called "gmladmin"

The command celsius@gmladmin:~$ cat /var/log/auth.log | grep -i alpha will give the output as follows:-






NB:- tested on ubuntu 10.04 & centos 5.5
See:- http://aarklonlinuxinfo.blogspot.com/2009/01/syslogd-and-syslogconf.html

bluetooth & ubuntu

How to install X11 Mouse Themes?

1.Download themes fromes gnome-look.org , Unzip the file and move the folder to ~/.icons/
2. open the gconf editor (type alt+ f2 then type gconf-editor , press enter)
3. change the key
/desktop/gnome/peripherals/mouse/cursor_theme
to the appropriate one
4. log off


NB:- tested in ubuntu 10.04

Setting up FTP server

1) sudo apt-get install vsftpd


2) Edit vsftpd configuration file

sudo gedit /etc/vsftpd.conf


anonymous enable = no

#file upload capability
write_enable = YES

#configuring FTP greeting banner
ftpd_banner = "welcome to my ftp server"

#allowing local user to login
local_enable = YES

3) Restart FTP daemon:-
sudo service vsftpd restart


4) check if your ftp server is working:-

ftp localhost



NB:-

1) if you enable user authentication each user will be able to FTP into their home directory in addition to anonymous access

2) you can't download if you dont have write privileges in the directory in which you start FTP

3) Tested in ubuntu 10.04

CD-ROM sharing via samba

# A sample share for sharing your CD-ROM with others.
[cdrom]
comment = Samba server's CD-ROM
read only = yes
locking = no
path = /cdrom
guest ok = yes


# The next two parameters show how to auto-mount a CD-ROM when the cdrom share is accesed. For this to work /etc/fstab #must contain an entry like this:

/dev/scd0 /cdrom iso9660 defaults,noauto,ro,user 0 0




# The CD-ROM gets unmounted automatically after the connection to the
#If you don't want to use auto-mounting/unmounting make sure the CD is mounted on /cdrom

preexec = /bin/mount /cdrom
postexec = /bin/umount /cdrom


NB:_ tested on ubuntu 10.04

How to set up an automated login using smbclient ?

Ex:-
celsius@gmladmin:~$ smbclient -A samba_credentials //192.168.0.102/scans
Domain=[GIS5] OS=[Windows 5.1] Server=[Windows 2000 LAN Manager]
smb: \>


here samba_credentials is a file which contains the user account information.

celsius@gmladmin:~$ cat samba_credentials
username = ************
password = ************

smbget example:-

smbget:-

it is very similar in function to wget.

Ex:-
celsius@gmladmin:~$ smbget -u administrator smb://192.168.0.102/scans/T.tif
Password for scans at 192.168.0.102:

smbtar example:-

smbtar -v -s 192.168.0.92 -a -x programs -u administrator -p **** -t irfan.tar


-a reset archive bit mode
-s Specify PC Server
-x Specify PC Share
-u Specify User Name
-p Specify PC Password
-t Specify Tape device /archive file
-v verbose mode

Make samba follow symlink outside share

O.S --- Ubuntu 10.04 LTS

celsius@gmladmin:~/myshare$ /usr/sbin/smbd --version
Version 3.4.7

[myshare]
follow symlinks = yes
wide links = yes
path = /home/celsius/myshare
valid users = celsius
read only = no
create mask = 0760

[global]

# your addition

unix extensions = no
security = user


see:- http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/5120/make-samba-follow-symlink-outside-share